About the Authors xi
 
Preface to the Third Edition xii
 
Preface to the Second Edition xiii
 
Preface to the First Edition xiv
 
Acknowledgements xvii
 
About the Website xviii
 
Introduction xix
 
1 Particle Analysis 1
 
1.1 Particle Size 1
 
1.2 Description of Populations of Particles 4
 
1.3 Conversion Between Distributions 4
 
1.4 Describing the Population by a Single Number 7
 
1.5 Equivalence of Means 9
 
1.6 Common Methods of Displaying Size Distributions 11
 
1.6.1 Normal Distribution 11
 
1.6.2 Log-normal Distribution 11
 
1.7 Methods of Particle Size Measurement 12
 
1.7.1 Image Analysis 13
 
1.7.2 Light Scattering 13
 
1.7.3 Dynamic Light Scattering 15
 
1.7.4 Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer 15
 
1.7.5 Other Methods 16
 
1.8 Surface Area Measurement 17
 
1.8.1 Adsorption Isotherms 17
 
1.8.2 The BET Technique 17
 
1.9 Sampling 19
 
1.10 Worked Examples 19
 
Test Yourself 28
 
Exercises 29
 
2 Mechanical Properties of Particles 32
 
2.1 Introduction to Material Properties 33
 
2.2 Particle-Particle Contact for Elastic Materials 36
 
2.3 Contact in the Presence of Surface Forces 38
 
2.3.1 Cohesion and Adhesion 38
 
2.3.2 Surface Roughness and Contamination 41
 
2.3.3 Comparison of Cohesion with Particle Weight 41
 
2.3.4 Measurement of Cohesion and Adhesion 42
 
2.4 Friction 43
 
2.5 Impact and Bounce 45
 
2.5.1 Impacts in the Normal Direction 45
 
2.5.2 Oblique Impacts 47
 
2.6 Liquid Bridges 47
 
2.7 Worked Examples 52
 
Test Yourself 54
 
Exercises 54
 
3 Motion of Particles in a Fluid 56
 
3.1 Single Particles in a Fluid 56
 
3.1.1 Motion of Single Solid Particles in a Fluid 56
 
3.1.2 Particles Falling Under Gravity Through a Fluid 59
 
3.1.3 Effect of Boundaries on Terminal Velocity 63
 
3.1.4 Unsteady Motion 64
 
3.1.5 Further Reading 65
 
3.1.6 Worked Examples on the Motion of Single Particles in a Fluid 66
 
Test Yourself - Single Particles in a Fluid 74
 
3.2 Settling of a Suspension of Particles 75
 
3.2.1 Introduction 75
 
3.2.2 Settling Flux as a Function of Suspension Concentration 77
 
3.2.3 Sharp Interfaces in Sedimentation 79
 
3.2.4 The Batch Settling Test 80
 
3.2.5 Relationship Between the Height-Time Curve and the Flux Plot 83
 
3.2.6 Worked Examples on Settling of a Suspension of Particles 85
 
Test Yourself - Settling of a Suspension Particles 92
 
Exercises - Single Particles in a Fluid 92
 
Exercises - Settling of a Suspension of Particles 95
 
4 Discrete Element Method Modelling 102
 
4.1 Introduction 102
 
4.2 Principles - The "Hard-Sphere" and "Soft-Sphere" Approaches 104
 
4.3 Updating Particle Positions -'Time-Stepping' 107
 
4.4 Contact Detection 109
 
4.5 Contact Modelling 110
 
4.5.1 Linear Spring-Dashpot Model 111
 
4.5.2 Hertzian Model 112
 
4.5.3 Elastoplastic Models 112
 
4.5.4 Cohesive Models 113
 
4.6 Coupling with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD-DEM) 114
 
4.7 Calibration 115
 
4.8 Modelling Large Systems 118
 
4.9 Modelling Aspherical Particles 119
 
4.10 Data Analysis and Visualization 121
 
4.11 Validation 123
 
4.12 Worked Examples 124
 
Exercises 132
 
Interactive Exercises 132
&nb