1 Chocolate as Medicine: A Changing Framework of Evidence Throughout History (P.K. Wilson) 2 Industrial Treatment of Cocoa in Chocolate Production: Health Implications (H. Bernaert) 3 Biomarkers of Cocoa Consumption (N. Khan) 4 Botany and Pharmacognosy of the Cacao Tree (M. L. Colombo) 5 Chocolate and Health: A Brief Review of the Evidence (F. Visioli) 6 Polyphenolic Antioxidants and Health (L. Loffredo) 7 Acute Vascular Effects of Chocolate in Healthy Human Volunteers (A. Conti) 8 Vascular and Platelet Effects of Cocoa (I. Sudano) 9 Cocoa, Chocolate and Hypertension (C. Ferri) 10 Cocoa, Chocolate and Blood Lipids (C. Galli) 11 Psychological Drivers of Chocolate Consumption (E. Molinari) 12 Chocolate and Mood (G. B. Parker)