Stellar Equilibrium With and Without Rotation.- The Mechanical Equilibrium of Stars.- The Mechanical Equilibrium of Rotating Stars.- The Energetic Equilibrium of Stars.- The Energy Conservation and Radiative Equilibrium in Rotating Stars.- Stellar Convection.- Overshoot, Semiconvection, Thermohaline Convection, Rotation and Solberg-Hoiland Criterion.- Physical Properties of Stellar Matter.- The Equation of State.- The Opacities.- Nuclear Reactions and Neutrino Processes.- Hydrodynamical Instabilities and Transport Processes.- Transport Processes: Diffusion and Advection.- Meridional Circulation.- Rotation-Driven Instabilities.- Magnetic Field Instabilities and Transport Processes.- Physics of Mass Loss by Stellar Winds.- Acoustic and Gravity Waves. Helio- and Asteroseismology.- Radial Pulsations of Stars.- Nonradial Stellar Oscillations.- Transport by Gravity Waves.- Star Formation.- Pre-stellar Phase.- The Protostellar Phase and Accretion Disks.- The Pre-main Sequence Phase and the Birthlines.- Rotation in Star Formation.- The Formation of Massive Stars.- The Formation of First Stars in the Universe: Pop. III and Pop. II.5 Stars.- Main-Sequence and Post-MS Evolution.- Solutions of the Equations and Simple Models.- Evolution in the H-Burning Phases.- Evolution in the He Burning and AGB Phases of Low and Intermediate Mass Stars with Rotation.- Massive Star Evolution with Mass Loss and Rotation.- Advanced Evolutionary Stages and Pre-supernovae.- Evolution of Z = 0 and Very Low Z Stars.