... Preface and Acknowledgements ... 19

... Introduction ... 21

... Proactive Performance Management ... 21

... Current Developments ... 24

... About This Book ... 27

1 ... Performance Management of an SAP Solution ... 35

1.1 ... SAP Solution Architecture ... 36

1.2 ... Monitoring and Optimization Plan for an SAP Solution ... 52

1.3 ... Summary ... 73

2 ... Analysis of Hardware, Database, and ABAP Application Server ... 77

2.1 ... Basic Terms ... 78

2.2 ... Hardware Monitoring ... 79

2.3 ... Database Monitoring ... 91

2.4 ... Analyzing SAP Memory Configuration ... 113

2.5 ... Analyzing SAP Work Processes ... 122

2.6 ... Analysis of the Internet Communication Manager ... 131

2.7 ... Summary ... 132

2.8 ... Questions ... 133

3 ... Workload Analysis ... 135

3.1 ... Basics of Workload Analysis and Runtime Analysis ... 136

3.2 ... Workload Monitor ... 138

3.3 ... Workload Analysis ... 142

3.4 ... Performing Workload Analyses ... 151

3.5 ... Single-Record Statistics ... 161

3.6 ... End-to-End Workload Analysis ... 166

3.7 ... Summary ... 180

3.8 ... Questions ... 182

4 ... Hardware Sizing and Component Distribution ... 185

4.1 ... Initial Hardware Sizing ... 186

4.2 ... Sizing to Deal with Increased Workload, Change of Release, or Migration ... 206

4.3 ... Planning the System Landscape ... 217

4.4 ... Summary ... 225

4.5 ... Questions ... 225

5 ... Optimization of ABAP Programs ... 227

5.1 ... Performance Trace ... 227

5.2 ... Performance Analysis with ABAP Trace (Runtime Analysis) ... 240

5.3 ... Analyzing Memory Usage with ABAP Debugger and in the Memory Inspector ... 249

5.4 ... Code Inspector ... 252

5.5 ... Tips and Tricks for High-Performance ABAP Programs ... 254

5.6 ... Summary ... 260

5.7 ... Questions ... 261

6 ... Memory Management ... 263

6.1 ... Memory Management Fundamentals ... 263

6.2 ... Configuring and Monitoring Memory Areas ... 279

6.3 ... Summary ... 292

6.4 ... Questions ... 294

7 ... Load Distribution, Remote Function Calls, and SAP GUI ... 297

7.1 ... Services of SAP NetWeaver Application Server ... 298

7.2 ... Load Distribution within the ABAP Instances ... 301

7.3 ... Remote Function Calls ... 323

7.4 ... SAP Graphical User Interface ... 344

7.5 ... Summary ... 352

7.6 ... Questions ... 355

8 ... Internet Connection and SAP Fiori ... 357

8.1 ... SAP Web Applications ... 358

8.2 ... Analyses on the Presentation Server ... 362

8.3 ... Buffering of Web Documents ... 370

8.4 ... Performance Analysis of Web Applications on SAP NetWeaver AS ABAP ... 376

8.5 ... BSPs, Web Dynpro for ABAP, and Integrated ITS ... 381

8.6 ... SAP Fiori, SAPUI5, and OData Services ... 386

8.7 ... Conclusion ... 402

8.8 ... Questions ... 403

9 ... Optimizing Java Programs ... 405

9.1 ... Garbage Collection ... 407

9.2 ... Just-in-Time Compiler ... 413

9.3 ... SAP Management Console ... 415

9.4 ... SAP Java Virtual Machine Profiler ... 417

9.5 ... Memory Analyzer ... 443

9.6 ... Other Tools for Performance Analysis on the SAP NetWeaver AS Java ... 446

9.7 ... Summary ... 448

9.8 ... Questions ... 449

10 ... Locks ... 451

10.1 ... Lock Concepts of Database System and SAP System ... 452

10.2 ... Monitoring Locks ... 457

10.3 ... Number Range Buffering ... 466

10.4 ... Locking with Quantities and the Available-to-Promise Server ... 473

10.5 ... Summary ... 479

10.6 ... Questions ... 479

11 ... Optimizing SQL Statements ... 481

11.1 ... Identifying and Analyzing Expensive SQL Statements ... 483

11.2 ... Optimizing SQL Statements in Programs ... 490

11.3 ... Optimizing SQL Statements through Secondary Indexes ... 511

11.4 ... Summary ... 537

11.5 ... Questions ... 539

12 ... SAP Buffering ... 543

12.1 ... Table Buffering Fundamentals ... 545

12.2 ... Monitoring Table Buffering on the ABAP