Aus dem Inhalt:§Preface A Brief History of English Phonetics and Phonology Morphology Syntax Semantics Pragmatics Sociolinguistics Appendix: Answers, Index, Acknowledgements Preface VIII§§1 Introduction 1§§1.1 What is Linguistics? 2§§1.2 Branches of Linguistics 2§§1.3 Central Concepts of Linguistics 4§§1.4 Bibliography 9§§2 A Brief History of English 11§§2.1 The Linguistic History of English 12§§2.1.1 Old English (c450-c1150) 13§§2.1.2 Middle English (c1150-c1500) . 20§§2.1.3 Early Modern English (c1500-c1700) 24§§2.1.4 Modern English (c1700-present) 28§§2.2 English Around the World 30§§2.3 English in the 21st Century 34§§2.4 Exercises 36§§2.5 Bibliography 37§§3 Phonetics and Phonology 39§§3.1 Phonetics: The Study of Speech Sounds 40§§3.1.1 Speech Sound Production 41§§3.1.2 Description and Classification of Consonants and Vowels 43§§3.1.3 Phonetic Transcription 50§§3.2 Phonology: The Function and Patterning of Sounds 58§§3.2.1 Segmental Phonology 59§§3.2.2 Suprasegmental Phonology 64§§3.2.3 Connected Speech 68§§3.3 Exercises 70§§3.4 Bibliography 73§§4 Morphology 75§§4.1 Morphology and Grammar 76§§4.2 Morphemes and Allomorphs 85§§4.3 Morphological Processes 86§§4.3.1 Inflection 86§§4.3.2 Word Formation 88§§4.4 Exercises 95§§4.5 Bibliography 97§§5 Syntax 99§§5.1 Syntax and Grammar 100§§5.2 Syntactic Categories and Elements 102§§5.3 Phrasal Categories 106§§5.3.1 The X Bar Schema 113§§5.3.2 The Merge Operation in Phrases 119§§5.4 Building Sentences 122§§5.4.1 The Merge Operation in Sentences 122§§5.4.2 The Move Operation 125§§5.5 Thematic Roles 128§§5.6 Exercises 132§§5.7 Bibliography 134§§6 Semantics 137§§6.1 The Study of Meaning 138§§6.2 Lexical Semantics 138§§6.2.1 Meaning Relations Among Words 139§§6.2.2 Word Meaning 145§§6.2.3 Conceptualisation and Categorisation 148§§6.3 Sentence Meaning 151§§6.3.1 Meaning Relations Among Sentences 151§§6.3.2 Sentence Interpretations 154§§6.4 Exercises 158§§6.5 Bibliography 159§§7 Pragmatics 161§§7.1 What Does Pragmatics Do? 162§§7.2 Deixis 163§§7.2.1 Person Deixis 164§§7.2.2 Place Deixis 166§§7.2.3 Time Deixis 167§§7.3 The Cooperative Principle 168§§7.4 Speech Acts 170§§7.5 Conversation Analysis 174§§7.6 Exercises 176§§7.7 Bibliography 179§§8 Sociolinguistics 181§§8.1 The Subject Matter 182§§8.2 Language Variation 183§§8.2.1 Geographical Differentiation of Language 188§§8.2.2 Social Differentiation of Language 191§§8.3 Language and Gender 195§§8.4 Exercises 203§§8.5 Bibliography 204§§9 Appendix 207§§9.1 Answers 207§§9.2 Index 222 ukryj opis