Historical Overview: Tumor angiogenesis: From bench to bedside.- Mechanisms: Vasculogenesis and angiogenesis in development. Guidance of vascular and neuronal network formation. The angiogenic switch in tumorigenesis. Pathophysiology and clinical implications of vascular endothelial growth factor. Regulation of angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis through the Angiopoietin/Tie system. Eph receptors and ephrins: role in vascular development and tumor angiogenesis. The role of the neuropilins and their associated plexin receptors in tumor angiogenesis and tumor progression. PDGF: impact on physiological and tumor angiogenesis. Hypoxia and tumour angiogenesis. Hypoxia and angiogenesis in GBM. Endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis. Thrombospondins and angiogenesis. Molecular and cellular aspects of heparanase. Vessel maturation and perivascular cells. Adhesion molecules in the vascular cell cross-talk. Homing and differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells. Molecular players in lymphangiogenesis. The relationship between tumors and the lymphatics: consequences for metastasis. Inflammation and angiogenesis: innate immune cells as modulators of tumor vascularization. Arteriovenous malformation in mice and men.- Animal Models and Preclinical Anti-Angiogenic Studies: VEGF antibodies for anti-angiogenic therapy. VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. VEGF receptor antibodies for anti-angiogenic therapy. Angiopoietin-2 antagonists for anti-angiogenic therapy. Anti-angiogenic therapy with thrombospondins. The use of orthotopic models to validate anti-vascular therapies for cancer. Vascular tumor targeting. Molecular imaging of targets and therapeutics in tumor angiogenesis. Imaging of tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenesis. Visualization of microcirculation anti-angiogenic tumor therapy. Cellular actions of angiogenesis inhibitors on blood vessels. Anti-angiogenic therapy for normalization of tumor vasculature and microenvironment. Metronomic anti-angiogenic chemotherapy: questions and answers.- Anti-Angiogenic Tumor Therapy in Clinical Studies: Clinical development of Avastin. Clinical development of Sorafenib (BAY 43-9006), a VEGF-R/RAF inhibitor. Clinical development of the VEGFR signalling inhibitor AZD2171. Clinical development of Sunitinib Malate. The EGF(R) and VEGF(R) pathways as combined targets for anti-angiogenesis trials in cancer therapy. Imaging the effect of anti-angiogenic tumor therapy in clinical studies. ZD6474: preclinical and clinical development. Integrins: targets for anti-angiogenic therapy. Thalidomide in multiple myeloma. Surrogate markers of angiogenesis. Vascular disrupting agents in cancer therapy.