Preface Letters from A. Weber and S.V. Perry Part 1: Historical aspects.-Biological actions of calcium.- Professor Ebashi\'s Journey Toward the Discovery of Troponin: A Personal Recollection.- Highlights of the history of the calcium regulation of striated muscle.- Part 2: Regulation by troponin and tropomyosin.- Troponin :structure,function and dysfunction.- From crystal structure of troponin to mechanism of calcium regulation of muscle contraction.- Ca ion and troponin switch.- Disposition and dynamics: Interdomain orientations in troponin.- Structural basis for calcium-regulated relaxation of striated muscles at interaction sites of troponin with actin.- Tropomyosin: A regulator of F-actin filament.- Tropomyosin and troponin cooperativity on the thin filament.- Conformational changes in reconstituted skeletal muscle thin filaments observed by fluorescence.- Calcium structural transition of troponin in the complex, on the thin filament, and in muscle fibers, as studied by site-directed spin-labelling EPR.- Crystal structure of tropomyosin: a flexible coiled-coil.- C. elegans model for studying tropomyosin and troponin regulations of muscle contraction and animal behaviour.- Structural and functional analysis of troponin from scallop striated and human cardiac muscles.- Part 3: Regulation in cardiac muscle and disorders.- Cooperativity in the regulation of force and the kinetics of force development in heart and skeletal muscles; Cross activation of force.- Heart failure, ischemia/reperfusion injury and cardiac troponin.- Troponin mutations in cardiomyopathies.- Molecular pathogenic mechanisms of cardiomyopathies caused by mutations in cardiac troponin T.- Cardiac troponin levels as a preferable biomarker for myocardial cell degradation in clinical practice.- Part 4: Regulation by myosin.- How calcium regulates some myosins: past and present.- Calcium inhibition of physarum myosin as examined by the recombinant heavy mero-myosin.- Part 5:Excitation-contraction coupling and disorder.- Calcium-induced release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.- Dysregulation of the gain of CICR through ryanodine receptor1 (RyR1)- The putative mechanism underlying malignent hyperthermia.- Ion pumping by calcium ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum.- Regulation of cell functions by Ca2+-oscillation.- Part 6: Molecular mechanisms of muscle contraction.- Evidence about the structural behaviour of myosin crossbridges during muscle contraction.- Structural alterations of thin actin filaments in muscle contraction by synchrotron X-ray fiber diffraction.- Regulation of muscle contraction by Ca2+ and ADP: Focusing on the auto-oscillation (SPOC).- A mechanism for the muscle contraction based on actin filament rotation.- On the walking mechanism of linear molecular motors.- Modeling of the F-actin structure.- Contributors.- Subject index.