General Section: History.- General Aspects and Definitions in Minimally Invasive Surgery.- Specific Section: Part I Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery: Anaesthesia.- Imaging.- The Lung.- The Pleura.- The Mediastenum.- Chest Wall.- The Oesophagus.- The Diaphragm.- Part II Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: Anaesthesia in Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery.- The Pericardium.- Minimally Access Valve Surgery.- Minimal Invasive Coronary Surgery.- Minimal Access Atrial Fibrillation Surgery.- Biventricular Resynchronization.- Endovascular Hybrid Aortic Surgery/Repair.- Adult Congenital (PDA).- Part II The Future in Minimally Invasive Thoracic- and Cardiac Surgery.- Index.