INTRODUCTION.- 1. Studying the English language.- ENGLISH: STRUCTURE.- 2. Phonetics.- 3. Phonology.- 4. Morphology: word structure.- 5. Grammar: words (and phrases).- 6. Grammar: phrases (and clauses).- 7. Grammar: clauses (and sentences).- 8. Text linguistics.- 9. Semantics.- 10. Pragmatics.- ENGLISH: HISTORY.- 11. Standard English and standardization.- 12. Spelling.- 13. Phonological change.- 14. Lexical change.- 15. Semantic change.- 16. Grammatical change.- ENGLISH SPEECH: REGIONAL AND SOCIAL VARIATION.- 17. Regional variation in English accents and dialects.- 18. Language and social class.- 19. Language and ethnicity.- 20. Pidgins and creole Englishes.- 21. American English.- 22. World Englishes and English as a lingua franca.- 23. Language discourses: attitudes to diversity.- ENGLISH WRITING: STYLE, GENRE AND PRACTICE.- 24. Speech, writing and discourse type.- 25. Language in newspapers.- 26. Language in advertisements.- 27. Language in literature: stylistics.- 28. Literary practices.- 29. New technologies: literacies in cyberspace.- ENGLISH: COMMUNICATION AND INTERACTION.- 30. Structures of conversation.- 31. Language, reality and power.- 32. Politeness in interaction.- 33. Gender and language.- 34. Language and sexuality.- 35. Bad language.- 36. Language and politics.- 37. Business communication.- ENGLISH: LEARNING AND TEACHING.- 38. First language acquisition.- 39. Second language acquisition.- 40. Languages and literacies in education.- 41. TEFL, TESOL and linguistics.- ENGLISH INVESTIGATING.- 42. Methods for researching English.- 43. The corpus method and English.- CONCLUSION.- 44. The English language: reflections. ukryj opis