The lectures given at the 32nd Music Therapy Conference at the Free Music Center Munich examine the question of what mentalizing means and how mentalization processes in a musical context take place in different fields of practice and can be linked to language. What is their specific potential? What is the benefit of the mentalization model and the concept of mentalization-based therapy for music therapists on a practical and theoretical-methodological level? Different, even critical, perspectives on the mentalization model and its applications in psycho- and music-therapeutic as well as musical-artistic processes are presented and discussed.