A. General Considerations

1. 
   

   Introduction

   
   


2. 
   

   Definition and Classification of Acute Kidney Failure

   
   


3. 
   

   Overview of Pathophysiology, Etiology and Epidemiology
   3.1. Mechanisms of Kidney Injury and Repair
   3.2. Uremic Toxins
   3.2. Pre-renal Acute Kidney Failure
   3.3. Intrinsic Acute Kidney Failure
   3.4. Urinary Tract Obstruction
   3.5. Epidemiology and Economical Impact

   
   


4. 
   

   Diagnostic Evaluation and Procedures
   4.1. Clinical Evaluation
   4.2. Laboratory Investigation
   4.3. Kidney Function Tests and Urinalysis
   4.4. Radiography
   4.5. Ultrasonography
   4.6. Kidney biopsy

   
   


5. 
   

   Prevention and Conservative Therapy of Acute Kidney Failure
   5.1. Volume Resuscitation and Management
   5.1. Electrolyte Homeostasis
   5.3. Acid-Base Balance
   5.2. Monitoring and Management of Systemic Hemodynamics
   5.3. Correction of Anaemia
   5.4. Nutrition and Metabolism
   5.5. Glucose and Insulin
   5.6. Bleeding and Hemostasis
   5.7. Neurological Problems
   5.8. Gastrointestinal Complications
   5.9. Cardiovascular Complications
   5.10. Specific Interventions / Drugs

   
   


6. 
   

   Indications to Start Kidney Replacement Therapy

   
   


7. 
   

   Long-term Outcome of Acute Kidney Failure
   B. Diagnosis and Management of Specific Disorders

   
   


8. 
   

   Acute Kidney Failure in Sepsis

   
   


9. Cardiogenic Shock and Acute Kidney Failure3. Acute Kidney Problems in Congestive Heart Failure


10. Hepato-Renal Syndrome


11. ARDS and Kidney Failure


12. Toxic Nephropathy due to Drugs and Poisons


13. Toxic Nephropathy due to Radio Contrast Media


14. Acute Glomerulonephritis, Vascultis, and Pulmo-Renal Syndromes


15. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome / Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura


16. AcuteInterstitial Nephritis


17. Myoglobinuric Acute Kidney Failure


18. Tropical Infections and Acute Kidney Failure


19. AIDS and Acute Kidney Failure


20. Acute Kidney Failure in Hematological Disorders and Tumor Lysis Syndrome


21. Acute Kidney Failure follwing Cardiovascular Surgery


22. Polytrauma and Acute Kidney Failure


23. Burns and Acute Kidney Failure


24. Acute Kidney Transplant Failure


25. Acute Kidney Failure during Pregnancy and Post Partum


26. 
    

    Acute Kidney Failure in Children
    C. Temporary Replacement of Kidney Function

    
    


27. 
    

    Principles of Extracorporeal Blood Purification: Hemodialysis, Hemofiltration, Hemodiafiltration

    
    


28. Membranes for Dialysis and Hemofiltration


29. Dialysates and Substitution Fluids


30. Intermittent Hemodialysis


31. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies


32. SLEDD and SCUF


33. Quantifying the Dose of Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy


34. Adequacy and Dosing of Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy


35. Anticoagulation for Acute Dialysis


36. Vascular Access for Acute Dialysis


37. Principles and Practice of Acute Peritoneal Dialysis


38. Choosing a Therapy Modality for Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy


39. 
    

    Stopping Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy
    D. Management of Specific Issues

    
    


40. 
    

    Anaesthesia in Patients with Acute Kidney Failure

    
    


41. Drug Dosing in Acute Kidney Failure and During Kidney Replacement Therapy


42. Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy In Children


43. Extracorporeal Therapies for Non-Renal Indications
    4.1. Extracorporeal Therapies and Immunomodulation During Sepsis
    4.2. Extracorporeal Liver Support
    4.3. Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs and Toxins