A. General Considerations

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1. \n

   Introduction

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2. \n

   Definition and Classification of Acute Kidney Failure

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3. \n

   Overview of Pathophysiology, Etiology and Epidemiology\n3.1. Mechanisms of Kidney Injury and Repair\n3.2. Uremic Toxins\n3.2. Pre-renal Acute Kidney Failure\n3.3. Intrinsic Acute Kidney Failure\n3.4. Urinary Tract Obstruction\n3.5. Epidemiology and Economical Impact

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4. \n

   Diagnostic Evaluation and Procedures\n4.1. Clinical Evaluation\n4.2. Laboratory Investigation\n4.3. Kidney Function Tests and Urinalysis\n4.4. Radiography\n4.5. Ultrasonography\n4.6. Kidney biopsy

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5. \n

   Prevention and Conservative Therapy of Acute Kidney Failure\n5.1. Volume Resuscitation and Management\n5.1. Electrolyte Homeostasis\n5.3. Acid-Base Balance\n5.2. Monitoring and Management of Systemic Hemodynamics\n5.3. Correction of Anaemia\n5.4. Nutrition and Metabolism\n5.5. Glucose and Insulin\n5.6. Bleeding and Hemostasis\n5.7. Neurological Problems\n5.8. Gastrointestinal Complications\n5.9. Cardiovascular Complications\n5.10. Specific Interventions / Drugs

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6. \n

   Indications to Start Kidney Replacement Therapy

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7. \n

   Long-term Outcome of Acute Kidney Failure\nB. Diagnosis and Management of Specific Disorders

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8. \n

   Acute Kidney Failure in Sepsis

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9. Cardiogenic Shock and Acute Kidney Failure3. Acute Kidney Problems in Congestive Heart Failure
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10. Hepato-Renal Syndrome
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11. ARDS and Kidney Failure
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12. Toxic Nephropathy due to Drugs and Poisons
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13. Toxic Nephropathy due to Radio Contrast Media
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14. Acute Glomerulonephritis, Vascultis, and Pulmo-Renal Syndromes
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15. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome / Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
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16. AcuteInterstitial Nephritis
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17. Myoglobinuric Acute Kidney Failure
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18. Tropical Infections and Acute Kidney Failure
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19. AIDS and Acute Kidney Failure
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20. Acute Kidney Failure in Hematological Disorders and Tumor Lysis Syndrome
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21. Acute Kidney Failure follwing Cardiovascular Surgery
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22. Polytrauma and Acute Kidney Failure
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23. Burns and Acute Kidney Failure
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24. Acute Kidney Transplant Failure
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25. Acute Kidney Failure during Pregnancy and Post Partum
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26. \n

    Acute Kidney Failure in Children\nC. Temporary Replacement of Kidney Function

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27. \n

    Principles of Extracorporeal Blood Purification: Hemodialysis, Hemofiltration, Hemodiafiltration

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28. Membranes for Dialysis and Hemofiltration
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29. Dialysates and Substitution Fluids
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30. Intermittent Hemodialysis
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31. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies
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32. SLEDD and SCUF
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33. Quantifying the Dose of Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy
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34. Adequacy and Dosing of Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy
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35. Anticoagulation for Acute Dialysis
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36. Vascular Access for Acute Dialysis
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37. Principles and Practice of Acute Peritoneal Dialysis
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38. Choosing a Therapy Modality for Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy
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39. \n

    Stopping Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy\nD. Management of Specific Issues

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40. \n

    Anaesthesia in Patients with Acute Kidney Failure

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41. Drug Dosing in Acute Kidney Failure and During Kidney Replacement Therapy
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42. Acute Kidney Replacement Therapy In Children
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43. Extracorporeal Therapies for Non-Renal Indications\n4.1. Extracorporeal Therapies and Immunomodulation During Sepsis\n4.2. Extracorporeal Liver Support\n4.3. Extracorporeal Removal of Drugs and Toxins
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